JVP

Jugular venous pressure (pulse)
Causes of an elevated central venous pressure
Right ventricular failure
Tricuspid stenosis or regurgitation
Pericardial effusion or constrictive pericarditis
Superior vena caval obstruction
Fluid overload
Hyperdynamic circulation
Wave form
Causes of a dominant a wave
Tricuspid stenosis (also causing a slow y descent)
Pulmonary stenosis
Pulmonary hypertension
Causes of cannon a waves
Complete heart block
Paroxysmal nodal tachycardia with retrograde atrial conduction
Ventricular tachycardia with retrograde atrial conduction or atrioventricular dissociation
Cause of a dominant v wave
Tricuspid regurgitation
x descent
Absent: atrial fibrillation
Exaggerated: acute cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis
y descent
Sharp: severe tricuspid regurgitation, constrictive pericarditis
Slow: tricuspid stenosis, right atrial myxoma